Submarine or submergible boat.



V 17wr f m- V PATENTED APR. 2, 1907. T. S. BAILEY & L. Y. SPEAR.

SUBMARINE 0R SUBMERGIBLE BOAT. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1965.

rin'irn s'rATEs PATENT ones in rnnonon'cs s. BAILEY AND LAwnENCErlsrEAs, or corner, Massachu- SETTS, ASSIGNORS TO ELECTRIC BOAT COMPANY, or BAYONNE, NEW JEEsEr, A CORPORATION on NEW JERSEY.

. no. eeaere.

$pecification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 2, 1907.

application filed June 26,1905. Serial No. 267,028.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, THEODORUS .S. BAI- LEY and LAWRENCE Y. SPEAK, both citizens of the United'States, and both residing at Quincy, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Submarine or Submergible-Boats; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of themvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the i This invention relates to submarine or submergible boats, and more. particularly to. the form of hull of boats of this character de signed to operate either on the surface with considerable buoyancy. and stability or Wholly submerged or in any intermediate position.

The invention is designed particularly for use in connection with that class of submarine boats which have, in addition to the or dinary ballast tank or tanks for submerging them in fresh Water, an auxiliary tank or tanks for completing the submergence in salt water. Such a tank, for instance, is provided for, and termed an auxiliary tank in United StatesPatent to J. l Holland, No. 694,154, dated February 25,1902.

In vessels of this character the filling of the main submergencetanks in fresh water serves to completely submerge the vessel. In salt water, however, the filling of these main tanks does not completely submerge the vessel, owing to the increased density of the water of flotation. The auxiliary tank is provided for the purpose of completing the.

submergence in salt water, and it is not ordinarily used in fresh water.

It is desirable that submarine or submergi ble boats should float while lying still with the stern more deeply submerged than the bow, and to this end the weight within'the vessel is so distributed that when all the submergence-tanks areempty the vessel will have the desired trim .by the stern. It is further desirable, however, that when the vessel is submer edit shall be on an even keel.-. The act 0' submergence then consists in weight to the vessel to sink it and in so distributingthe added weight that the vessel will be brought frornits normal trim by the stern when light to an even keel when submerged. This submergence is accomplished by admitting Water to the main submergence-tanks, which are so located that the center of gravity of their contents when they are full is slightly forward of the center of buoyancy of the boat as a whole. This is the complete operation in fresh water, and it brings 'the vessel awashthat is, the whole vessel is under water excepting the conn1ngtowerand the vessel is ready for diving. 1n salt water, however, the difficulty is encountered that the filling of these same main submergence-tanks does not completely submerge the vessel, and to complete the submergence in salt water Holland added,

the auxiliary'submergence-tank. However, in the Holland boats the portion of the vessel left unsubmerged when themain tanks are filled in salt Water is unsymmetrical in shape, being fuller at the bow than at the stem. The result is that its center of buoyancy is forward of the center of gravity of the vessel as a whole, and owing to the peculiar shape of this unsubmer ed position its center of buoyancy moves Forward as the boat-sinks. The center of gravity of-the auxiliary tank is fixed, and therefore does not follow the shift ing center of buoyancy of the 'unsubmergod portion, and the result is a turning movement of the vessel during this last stage of submergence in salt water. 7

Our improvement consists in so construct ing the vessel and its main submergencetanks that the irregular body portion of the vessel is completely submerged by the filling of the main subn1ergencetanks in water of the greatest density in which the boat is called. upon to operate and in providing for the increased 'buoya'ncy necessary to, prevent theeomplete submergence of the vessel by the filling of the same main sulmiergencvtanks in fresh water by means of a buoyant protuberance on the upper part of the hull of the vessel. This buoyant protuberance is so constructed that its centerof buoyancy for all degrees of submergence is in the same "straigl'it line, and it isso located that this line substantially coincides with a vertical line through the center of buoyancy of the vessel as awhole when submerged, and the center of gravity of the auxiliary tank. With this construction the weight of water admitted to the auxiliary tan is always added in line with the center of buoyancy of the unsubmergedportion. of the vessel, and the turningmoment during the last stage of sub mergence in salt water is avoided. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 1s a vertical longitudinal section through a submarine or submergible boat, showing an embodiment of this invention; and Fig. 2 isa partial vertical transverse section through the same.

Referring to the drawings, a indicates the a main hull of the boat, which is of the usual cigar shape, generally circular or approximately circular in cross-section.

c is theauxiliary-submergence-tank and is here shown within the hull proper, but which could, if desired, belocated in an appendage or superstructure. This tank is so proportioned and arranged that its center of gravity f lies substantially in the same vertical line as the center of buoyancy e of the boat as 'a whole when submerged or awash. The main ballast or submergence tanks or spaces commonly employed are not shown, their pofrom the water-line 5 6 tothewater-line, 3 4- by admitting water into the auxiliary tank 0. The exact position of the line 5 6 would of' course dependupo'n'the densityof the'water'of' flotation, and in fresh Water it coincides with the line-8 4. j v

' It is to'be observed thatthe buoyancy of the portion -or' thehull between such a line as 5.6 and theline 3 4 is to be destroyed by admitting water into the auxiliary tankor tanks, and 'inorder that no change in'lo itudin'al trim shalltake placeas the boats s from .li ne ,5 6 to line 3 4 it is essential 'thatthe' "construction be such that the displacement of thevupper part of the hull and its appendages (to an extent at least equal-to the caacity of the tank a) shall be so arranged that 'itscenter of buoyancy at all sta es of sub-.

.mergence shall remain substantial y in a vertical line passing through thecenter of gravityf of the auxiliary tank or tanks.

To avoid limiting the shape and proportions of the main hull a, this'purpose is pref}. erably accomplished by .pr'ovidingthe upper. side of the hull with a buoyant'chamber or: protuberance I), made watertifi'ht'and of the The line 3 4 indicates the Water-line brought to .submergence."

Asubm'arine ors ibmergible boat ha v- .ing a submergence-tank within thejsame, and

.tion of t e having re ativevolumeslkuch that the weight 'of' the contents otthe auxiliary tank when desired strength to' resist compressing pressuresp The protuberance b may be circular in section, as shownin Fig. 2 of the drawings,

or it may be constructed of any other desired section which is sufliciently strong. to resist the hydrostatic pressures to which the boat may be subjected, and, further, this protuberance may be shaped and built as an integral part of the hull or as an appendage of the hull proper, provided,.,however, in all cases that it e so formed that its center of buoyancy at all stages of submergence shall be in the same vertical line and that this ver tical line shall pass through or very near the point f, which is'the center of gravity of the auxiliary tank a, and the point e, which is the center of buoyancy of the-boat as a whole when submerged. 1 The buoyancy of the displacement so formed, including that portion of the conning-tower and any other similar appendage below the line 3 4, should be at least equal to the weight of the contents of the auxiliary tank. This object may be obtained in a number of difl'rent waysthus by making the protuberance of uniform cross-section on ,each side of the planed 8f or by givingboth e'nds equal taper, either straight or curved, or by making any other sort of a chamber of sufficient dimensions,

whether said chambferbe included in the construction of the boat proper or made as a prgtuberance or appendage;

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by LettersPat- I ent, is.

, 1.' A submarine or submergibl'e boat having asu-bmergence-tank, the center of volume of whose contents is substantially in vertical alinement with thecenter of buoyancy o'I' the immersed portion of. the boat, said boat having a buoyant 'chamber:so:con-.

structed and'locatedf'that the centersof -all water-planes passingjtherethroughshall lie substantially in -'a vertical line passing. through'the center of .fvolu'rneof the contents of said submergenc'e tankf 2; A submarine orisiibmergible Iroathaving a submergencetank within-thesam end a buoyant irotuberanc'e upon the-up' er por .tion of the oat, saidftank and protu erance bein'g -so situated thatlthe centers of gravitya ,oi the contents of the one and-thecenters of buoyancy of the other'shall 'be'substantially in the same vertical for all .degrees of a buoyant parotuberanceaipon the up er poroat, said tank and protu erance .atedthatsthe centers .pfagravity 'of the contents offthe one and tliecenters of buoyancy same \erl-ieal line for all degrees of sul l. A submarine or submergible boat havinga subuiergenee-tank, the center of volume ol' whose contents is in substantially vertical alinenient with the center of volume of the boat submergi-rd, and a buoyant protuberance so located in the upper portion of the hull that its centers of buoyancy lie in substantially vertical alinenient with the centers of gravity of the'contents of said tank for all degrees of submergenee.

5. In a submarine orsubmergible boat of the type having an auxiliary submergencetank, the center of volume of whose contents is substantially in vertical alineinent with the center of buoy aney of the boat as a whole when submerged, the combination with said tank of a buoyant )rotuberanc-e upon the uper portion of the hull, said tank and protu lierance having relative volumes such that the weight of the contents of the auxiliary tank when full is substantially equal to the buoyancy of the buoyant protuberance, and

' being so situated and proportioned that the center of gravity of the contents of the one and the center ol buoyancy of the other shall be substantially in the same Vertical line [or all degrees ol submergence of the protuber- 1 anee.

(3. in a submarine or submergible boat,

main submerging means adapted to COIllf pletel y submerge the boat in fresh water and incapable of completely submerging the boat in salt water, and auxiliary subinerging means adapted to complete the submergence in salt water, the boat being so shaped that the emersed portion of the boat when the main sub uergence means is operated in salt water has its center of buoyancy for all degrees of subniergenee substantially in vertieal alinement with the center of buoyancy of the boat as a whole when submerged.

In testimony whereof we alllx our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses:

F. L. BRAKE, W. D. FEsLER. 

